Haseeb Ullah

Toxoplasma: Its Life Cycle, Symptoms, and Prevention Life cycle   Definitive Host: Domestic cats and other felines.   Intermediate Hosts : Humans and other mammals. Cycle in Cats: 1. Cats ingest cysts (e.g., from raw meat like mice). 2. Cysts release bradyzoites in the small intestine. 3. Bradyzoites infect mucosal cells and differentiate into gametocytes. 4. Gametocytes fuse to form oocysts. 5. Oocysts are excreted in cat feces. Human Infection: 1. Ingestion of cysts via:     Undercooked meat     Accidental contact with cat feces 2. Cysts rupture in the small intestine, releasing forms that invade the gut wall. 3. Forms differentiate into tachyzoites (rapidly multiplying trophozoites). 4. Tachyzoites infect various tissues (e.g., brain, muscle). 5. Tachyzoites transform into bradyzoites, forming tissue cysts. Transmission:   Contaminated soil with cat feces ingested inadvertently.   Consumption of undercooked meat from animals grazing in contam

  Definition Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a parasitic protozoan that causes toxoplasmosis, a disease transmitted through the ingestion of cysts in uncooked meat or food contaminated by cat feces. Life cycle The life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii involves various hosts and environments. Cats, as definitive hosts, play a crucial role in completing the parasite's sexual cycle. Oocysts shed in the feces of infected animals can be ingested by other hosts. Once ingested, oocysts transform into tachyzoites, which spread to different tissues via the bloodstream. Toxoplasmosis, caused by T. gondii, can also be transmitted through various means such as ingestion of raw or undercooked meat, congenital transfer, blood transfusion, or tissue transplant. Pathogenesis & Epidemiology Toxoplasma gondii is primarily acquired through the ingestion of cysts present in uncooked meat or food contaminated with cat feces. Transplacental transmission from an infected mother to the fetus is also