Leishmania donovani: Life Cycle, Pathogenesis, Treatment Prevention and Diagnosis
Leishmania donovani: The Causative Agent of Kalaazar (Visceral Leishmaniasis) Lifecycle Leishmania donovani's life cycle, relies on sandflies as vectors and various mammals, including dogs, foxes, and rodents, as reservoirs. Female sandflies, requiring blood meals for egg maturation, ingest macrophages containing amastigotes when feeding on an infected host Inside the sandfly, the amastigotes transform into promastigotes in the gut, multiply, and migrate to the pharynx and proboscis, ready to be transmitted during the next bite. This sandfly phase takes about 10 days. Upon biting a human, the sandfly injects promastigotes, which are engulfed by macrophages and transform back into amastigotes (Figure 1). Amastigotes evade destruction by preventing the fusion of the vacuole with lysosomes, leading to the infection of other macrophages and reticuloendothelial cells. The cycle completes when another sandfly ingests macrophages containing amastigotes. ...
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