Understanding Trypanosoma: Life Cycle, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

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Trypanosoma Cruzi

Chagas disease is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma Cruzi (also known as American Trypanosomiasis).

Life Cycle


Clinical Findings:

·         Acute: Fever, Swollen lymph nodes, Facial edema, Hepato-splenomegaly

·         Chronic: Myocarditis, Heart failure, enlarged esophagus, enlarged colon, Nerve damage

      Symptoms

      Fever, 

  • Fatigue, 
  • Body aches,
  • Headaches.
  • Rash.
  • Loss of appetite.
  • Diarrhea.
  • Vomiting.


  Diagnosis 

·         Wet preparation for motile trypanosomes

·         Thick and thin smear

·         Bone marrow staining

·         Muscle biopsy

  Treatment 

·         Nifurtimox

·         Benznidazole


Trypanosoma Gambiense and Rhodesiense

These organisms cause sleeping sickness (African Trypanosomiasis), transmitted by the tsetse fly.

  Life Cycle 




Symptoms:

Headache, Malaise, Weakness, Fatigue, Pruritus, Arthralgia

  Diagnosis 

Microscopy of lymph node aspirate, blood, or CSF.

  Treatment 

·         Pentamidine

·         Fexinidazole

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